Modern cars use one of two commontypes of oil pumps--the（）-type and the（）-type.

e control. It seems a dream in the future. It isn't.

In many ways such driverless cars are already with us. There is partial automation in many cars, such as intelligent braking, lane departure warning and automatic parking. The systems are there {A; B; C} cars can pretty much drive themselves. No one noticed the introduction of cruise control. We've got collision avoidance, and we'll soon have automatic lane change.

Improving this technology should make the roads safer. Machines are much better at following rules than humans. Driveway signs advise drivers to slow down to avoid {A; B; C} jams. They are often ignored by drivers. But it won't happen {A; B; C} a computer. Driverless cars could also choose the best route to avoid traffic jams.

Fewer jams will mean {A; B; C} stop-start driving. Maintaining smooth and constant speeds will improve fuel efficiency. Computers could also be programmed to take the greenest route, rather than the fastest one. Under computer control, cars could also travel much closer together.

They can effectively “slipstream” one another and use less fuel to move themselves forward. They can even form. multi-car “trains” going {A; B; C} high speeds. However, with driverless cars on the roads, there will be potential trust issues between people and machines. We could therefore see guard rails back on the sides of pavements. This would be a backwards step.

1. A. because B. so that C. such as

2. A. creating B. to creat C. creat

3. A. with B. to C. on

4. A. more B. little C. less

5. A. over B. in C. at

A.are they

B. aren’t they

C. do they

D. don’t they

nd not to lay down rules for “correct” linguistic behavior, it is said to be().

A.descriptive

B.synchronic

C.prescriptive

D.diachronic

nry of Portugal, the younger son of the Portuguese king and in English princess.

Prince Henry lived in the fifteenth century. As a boy he became devoted to the sea, and he dedicated (devoted) himself" to improving the design of Ships and the methods or sailing them. In 1416, when he was twenty-two. Henry founded a school for mariners, to which he invited everyone who could help him —— Jewish astronomers, Italian and Spanish sailors, and Arab mathematicians and map makers who knew how to use the crude compass of the day and could improve it.

Henry's goal was to design and equip vessels that would be capable of making long ocean voyages without having to hug (keep close to) the shore. The caravel carried more sail and was longer and slimmer than any ship then made, yet was tough enough to withstand gales at sea. He also developed the carrack, which was a slower ship, but one that was capable of carrying more cargo.

To Prince Henry the world owes credit far development of craft that made oceanic exploration possible. He lives in history as Henry the Navigator.

1.Prince Henry's principal achievement was that of ______

A、making oceanic exploration possible

B、improving the compass

C、founding a school for mariners

D、inventing the clipper ship

2.Prince Henry''s goal was to design vessels that could ______.

A、make long deep-sea voyages

B、travel faster than those in use at that time

C、explore the coastline of. Portugal

D、carry larger crews and more cargo than existing ones

3.Prince Henry started his school for the purpose of ______.

A、helping mariners

B、improving ship design and sailing methods

C、studying astronomy and mathematics

D、improving his own skill as a sailor

impact.

This is especially true in fast impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look. The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems , face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style. and personal branding. It can be confusing. So how do we navigate this？ How do we know when to invest in an upgrade？ And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals？ Here are some tips:

41_________________ As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.

42.__________________ Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it？ For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)

43.____________________ Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment？ What conveys status？ Who are your most important audiences？ How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves？ The better you understand te cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.

44._____________________ Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.

45_____________________ The point of a style. upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time excessing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform. or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes …. once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.

A、Create a new image of yourself

B、Decide if the time is right

C、Have confidence in yourself

D、Understand the context

[E] Work with professionals

[F] Know your goals

[G] Make it efficient

41__________________

43

45

42

44

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

species of plant and several hundreds thousands types of living things. But only a tiny percentage of these were ever domesticated. Modern shops have hastened a trend towards specialization which began in the earliest days of agriculture. The food of the rich countries has become cheaper relative to wages. It is speedily distributed in supermarkets. But the choice annually becomes less and less great. Even individual foods themselves become more standardized. We live in the world of carrot specially blunted in order to avoid making a hole in the bag, and the tomato grown to meet a demand for a standard weight of weighting tomatoes to a kilo. Siri von Reis asks: Only the three major cereals (谷物类食物) and perhaps ten other widely cultivated species stand between famine and survival for the world's human population and a handful of drug plants has served Western civilization for several thousand years. A rather obvious question arises: Are we missing something？ After all, there are 800 000 species of plant on earth.

1.Most of us have come to expect().

A、no variation in our diet

B、a reduction in food supplies

C、a specialist diet

D、food conforming to a set standard

2.The conclusion seems to be that we().

A、could make use of more natural species

B、don't cultivate the right kind of food

C、produce more food than we need

D、cultivate too many different species

3.In prehistoric times people().

A、ate much more than we do today

B、lived mainly on plant food

C、had a wide-ranging diet

D、were more fussy about what they ate

4.The specialization of food was started by().

A、the emergence of supermarkets

B、the rise of agriculture

C、the rich countries

D、the modern shops

5.According to the passage, people in the West today survive on().

A、carrots and tomatoes

B、several thousand types of plants and cereals

C、a very small number of cultivated foods

D、special species planted one thousand years ago

ourth the greenhouse gases. They take a similar oil of resources in other industrial nations and in the cities of the developing world. As vehicle use continues to increase in the coming decade, the US and other countries will have to deal with these issues or else face unacceptable economic, health-related and political costs. It is unlikely that oil prices will remain at their current low level or that other nations will accept a large and growing US contribution to global climatic change.

Policymakers and industry have four options: reduce vehicle use, increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions of conventional gasoline-powered vehicles, switch to less harmful fuels, or find less polluting driving systems. The last of these -- in particular the introduction of vehicles powered by electricity -- is ultimately the only sustainable option. The other alternatives are attractive in theory but in practice are either impractical or offer only marginal improvements. For example, reduced vehicle use could solve traffic problems and a host of social and environmental problems, but evidence from around the world suggests that it is very difficult to make people give up their cars to any significant extent. In the US, mass transit ridership and carpooling have declined since World War Ⅱ. Even in western Europe, with fuel prices averaging more than $1 a liter (about $ 4 a gallon) and with easily accessible mass transit and dense populations, cars still account for 80 percent of all passenger travel.

Improved energy efficiency is also appealing, but automotive fuel economy has barely made any progress in 10 years. Alternative fuels such as natural gas, burned in internal-combustion engines, could be introduced at relatively low cost, but they would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhouse emissions (especially because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars every year to develop less polluting types of gasoline).

From the passage we know that the increased use of cars will ______.

A．consume half of the oil produced in the world

B．have serious consequences for the well-being of all nations

C．widen the gap between the developed and developing countries

D．impose an intolerable economic burden on residents of large cities

m for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with crises; that they talk too much about certain problems and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships. I believe it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young.

Young people often irritate (激怒) their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in music and entertainers. This is not their motive. They feel isolated from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society of their own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles annoy their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style. and taste.

Sometimes you are resistant, and proud because you do not want your parents to approve of what you do. If they approve, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case, you are assuming that you are the loser; you cannot win but at least you keep your honor. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you were completely under your parents’ control. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself.

If you intend to control your life, cooperation can be part of that plan. You can charm others, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will offer you the authority to do what you want to do.

1.This passage is primarily meant for().

A、parents

B、teenagers

C、educators

D、psy chologists

2.the libraray resources can be helpful when we().

A、want to find a berrer way to measure attitudes toward music

B、are preparing a paper for a professional jouornal

C、are writing a dissertation

D、all of the above

3.The familiarity of readers with different resources().

A、is more or less the same

B、varies slightly

C、difers greatly

D、should not be different

4.The chapter in question().

A、mainly deals with the ways of dissertation writing

B、 presents information on publishing papers in professional journals

C、 introduces some library services

D、describes some professional meetings

5.When educators wish to share some information with their colleagues, they often,().

A、publish it in a professional journal

B、attend professional meetings

C、get access to it in the library

D、make use of some library services

6.The author believes that().

A、library resources should be used frequently and completely

B、 library resources cannot be made good use of if they are not available to us

C、one is supposed to be aware of the library resources that are usually not available

D、one is supposed to have good knowledge and make good use of resources

recent invention, only about 10,000 years old. Many crop plants are rather new additions to our diet: broccoli (a flowering mutant of kale) is thought to be only 500 years old. Most innovation is far more recent still. Although Austrian monk Gregor Mendel's pea plant experiments quietly laid the basic foundations of genetics in the mid-19th century, his work was rediscovered and applied to crop breeding only at the beginning of the 20th century. Further advances have steadily accumulated. The 1940s saw the identification of DNA as genetic material and the adoption, by commercial breeders, of genetic modification - typically by applying chemicals or radiation to DNA to try to make plants with advantageous characteristics. The modifications ultimately led to the green revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, during which time global wheat yields tripled. The 1980s and 1990s saw the commercial adoption of agricultural biotechnology, which has allowed breeders to introduce specific genes into crops from the same or different species. In 2004 the first plant genome was fully sequenced, and since then the number of plant gene sequences in GenBank, the public repository for gene sequence information, has been doubling every two years. Our knowledge is increasing exponentially, as it has been in other fields such as semiconductors and cellular telephony. Our challenge is to increase agricultural yields while decreasing the use of fertilizer, water, fossil fuels and other negative environmental inputs. Embracing human ingenuity and innovation seems the most likely path. Plants did not evolve to serve humans, and their sets of genes are incomplete for our purposes. The integral role of modifying genes is obvious to all breeders, though sometimes painfully absent from the public's understanding of how modern agriculture succeeds. All breeding techniques, from before Mendel's time until today, exploit modifications to plant DNA. These modifications can take the form. of mistakes or mutations that occur during natural cell division in the wild; the natural but random movement of DNA sequences from one part of a plant's genome to another; or the more precise insertion of known gene sequences using biotechnology. In all these cases, plant genes are moved within or across species, creating novel combinations. Hybrid genetics - the combination of different versions of the same gene – has resulted in spectacular yield increases. Largely as the consequence of using hybrid seed varieties, corn yields in the U.S. have increased more than 500 percent in the past 70 years. Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two.

(1)Which statement is correct according to paragraph one？

A、Broccoli was first bred by Mendel

B、Broccoli wasn’t considered edible until 500 years ago

C、Mendel's work was considered most important in the history of genetics

D、Mendel’s study found its major application some 100 years ago

(2)What was cited as a result of the green revolution？

A、Sharp rise in worldwide wheat production

B、Extensive use of organic fertilizer

C、Large-scale adoption of genetic modification

D、Commercial success of genetically modified seeds.

(3)Which statement is true of GenBank according to the passage？

A、The number of gene sequences has doubled since its foundation

B、The commercial breeders are its main sponsors

C、It is a genetic sequence database

D、It was founded in 2004

(4)It can be learned from the passage that the significance of genetic modification is ______.

A、questioned by some critics

B、poorly conveyed to the public

C、appreciated by all breeders

D、fully understood only by scientists

(5)The word “novel” in paragraph three is closest in meaning to ______.

A、artificial

B、various

C、hybrid

D、new