We even have no idea__will happen,so we all feel nervous.

nd was almost certainly a craftsman working in glass. But nobody knows his name. We only know this much about him because Friar Giordane preached a sermon one Wednesday morning in February 1306 at a church in Florence. "It’s not yet 20 years since there was found the art of making eye-glasses which make for good vision," said the Friar."One of the best arts and most necessary that the world has. So short a time is it since there was invented a new art that never existed. I have seen the man who first invented and created it, and I have talked to him." We know what Friar Giordane said because admirers copied his sermons down as he gave them. The inventor of spectacles apparently kept the method of making them to himself. Perhaps he thought this was the best way of getting money from his invention. But the idea soon got around. As early as 1300, craftsmen in Venice,the centre of Europe’s glass industry, were making the new "disks for the eyes".Spectacles at first were only shaped for far-sighted people. Concave lenses, for short-sighted people, were not developed until the late 15th century. Spectacles allowed people to go on reading and studying long after bad eyesight would normally have forced them to give up.They were like a new pair of eyes. The inventor of such a valuable thing should be honored, everyone thought. But for centuries no one had any idea who the inventor really was. So all kinds of candidates were put forward: Dutch, English, German, Italians from rival cities. A fake memorial was erected last century in a church in Florence to honor a man as the true inventor of spectacles-but he never even existed.

The first spectalces were made for ()

A、any one who had an eye trouble

B、the far-sighted

C、the short-sighted

D、both the far-sighted and the short-sighted

A.In that

B.Now that

C.Since that

D.Even though

me that living mechanisms are often incomparably more efficient than their artificial imitations.There is no better illustration of this idea than the sonar (声纳) system of bats.Ounce for ounce，and watt for watt，it is billions of times more efficient and more sensitive than the radars and sonars contrived (发明) by man.Of course，the bats have had some 50 million years of evolution to refine their sonar.Their physiological mechanisms for echo location，based on all this accumulated experience，therefore merit our thorough study and analysis.To appreciate the precision of the bats‘ echo location，we must first consider the degree of their reliance upon it.Thanks to sonar，an insect-eating bat can get along perfectly well without eyesight.This was brilliantly demonstrated by an experiment performed in the late eighteenth

century by the Italian naturalist Lazzaro Spallanzani.He caught some bats in a bell tower，blinded them，and released them outdoors.Four of these blind bats were recaptured after they had found their way back to the bell tower，and on examining heir stomachs‘ contents，Spallanzani found that

they had been able to capture and gorge themselves with flying insects.We know from experiments that bats easily find insects in the dark of night ， even when the insects emit no sound that can be heard by human ears.A bat will catch hundreds of soft-bodied，silent-flying moths or gnats in a single hour.It will even detect and chase pebbles or cotton spitballs tossed into the air.

16.According to the author，the sonar system of bats is an example of the idea that.()

A.this is the age of technological triumphs

B.modern machines are inefficient

C.living mechanisms are often more efficient than man-made

machines

D.artificial imitations are always less efficient than living

mechanisms

17.The author suggests that the sonar system of bats ().

A.was at the height of its perfection 50 million years ago

B.is better than man-made sonar because it has had 50 million years to be refined

C.would have been discovered by man many years ago

D.is the same as it was 50 million years ago

18.The fact that“blind bats”will detect and chase cotton spitballs as well as insects is remarkable because.()

A.bats do not eat spitballs

B.cotton is harder to track

C.Spitballs make no sounds audible to human ears

D.there is purpose in the flight of insects

19.This passage was written to illustrate().

A.the deficiencies of man-made sonar

B.the dependence of man upon animals

C.that we are living in a machine age

D.that the sonar system of bats is remarkable

20.Which of the following is the main point of the passage？()

A.A bat will catch hundreds of gnats in a single hour

B.Here is a perfection in nature which sometimes cannot be matched by man‘s creative efforts

C.The phrase“blind as bat”is valid

D.director of NIH learned of the abuse

her large reservoir (知识库 ) which may be called experience, and the college student will find that every craftsman (工匠 ) has something he can teach and will generally teach gladly to any college student who does not look down upon them . The information from them differs from (不同于 ) that in textbooks and papers chiefly in that its theoretical (理论的 ) part -- the explanations of why things happen -- is frequently quite fantastic (神奇的 ) . But the demonstration (示范 ) and report of what happens , and how it happens are correct even if the reports are in completely unscientific terms (术语 ). Presently the college student will learn, in this case also, what to accept and what to reject. One important thing for a college student to remember is that if Aristotle could talk to the fish

1.Which of the following statements is supported by the passage？ ()

A、The college students have trouble separating good plants from wild grass

B、Craftsman s experience is usually unscientific

C、The contemptuous (傲慢的 ) college students will receive nothing from craftsmen

D、Traditional practices are as important as experience for the college student

2.The main idea of this passage is about ().

A、what to learn from the parents

B、how to gain knowledge

C、why to learn from craftsman

D、how to deal with experience

3.From this passage we can infer that ().

A、we ll invite the craftsman to teach in the college

B、schools and books are not the only way to knowledge

C、scientific discoveries late based on personal experience

D、discoveries and rediscoveries are the most important source of knowledge for a college student

4.In the last paragraph the phrase "this wide, confused wilderness" refers to ().

A、personal experience

B、wild weeds among good plants

C、the information from the parents ？the vast store of

D、traditional practices

5.The author advises the college student to () .

A、be contemptuous to the craftsman

B、be patient in helping the craftsman with scientific terms

C、learn the craftsman s experience by judging it carefully

D、gain the craftsman s experience without rejection

e popular image of bees as the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate.“Al—though we see bees buzzing around tirelessly in spring and summer，the common belief in a bee’s busy nature is based on a misconception，” he said.People only really see bees when they’re out flying，or they look at a colony of bees and see thousands of them buzzing around.They don't get to pick them out as individuals.The professor，who this month won a German Zoological Society award for his work on bees，added that bees compensated for their apparent laziness with high intelligence，advanced memory skills and an ability to learn quickly.

The suggestion that bees were not pulling their weight met with skepticism from British beekeepers.Glyn Davies，the President of the British Beekeepers Association，said that bees were not lazy but efficient，“At any particular stage in its energy by doing nothing.Each bee has a unit of life energy and the faster it works，the faster it dies.They are being very wise and perhaps humans should try to follow their example instead of running about like headless chickens.”

The idea of the busy bee is several thousand years old.One current author who has nothing but admiration for the bee is Paul Theroux，the novelist and part-time beekeeper.“I have never seen a bee sleeping.My bees never stop working，”he said.Mr.

Theroux added that Prof.Menzel’s research could have been affected by his national origins.“Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work，the bee does look lazy，”he said.

Few people think that the busy bee idea will go away，despite the efforts of Prof.Menzel.It seems absurd to apply the word“lazy”to a colony of creatures capable of producing something so extraordinary as honeycomb.The truth is that bees give us an inferiority complex that is not entirely unjustified.In fact，the worship of bees seems to be undergoing a renaissance.IBM recently ran a series of ads drawing on the“waggle dance”of bees，telling businessmen to“make your business waggle.”

36.Prof.Randolf Menzel’s latest research .

A.challenges our knowledge of the relations among bees

B.confirms our knowledge of the relations among bees

C.challenges our perception of the nature of bees

D.confirms our perception of the nature of bees

37.Prof.Randolf Menzel would disagree that .

A.bees are hard working

B.bees are quick learners

C.bees have intelligence

D.bees have good memory

38.According to Glyn Davies，what should we learn from bees？

A.How to work faster.

B.How to live longer.

C.How to cooperate with each other.

D.How to improve work efficiency.

39.It could be inferred from Paragraph 3 that the Germans .

A.are easily affected by their national characters

B.are extremely busy and hard working

C.have many things in common with bees

D.tend to look down upon lazy people

40.The IBM ads in the passage are used to .

A.show the popularity of the idea of busy bees

B.emphasize the negative image of busy bees

C.initiate public discussions on the busy bee image

D.question the comparison of busy bees to humans

ational system in this country.Immigrants(移民) complain,too.Lately a German friend was filled with anger when he learned that the mathematics test given to his son on his first day as a college freshman included multiplication and division.Japanese businessmen in Los Angeles send their children to private schools staffed by teachers imported from Japan to learn mathematics at Japanese levels,generally considered at least a year more advanced than the level here.

But I wonder:If American education is so poor,why is it that this is still the country of innovation. When I was 12 in Indonesia,I had to memorize the names of all the world's major cities,from Kabul to Karachi.At the same age,my son,who was brought up a Californian,thought that Buenos Aires was Spanish for good food.However,unlike children of his age in Asia and Europe,my son had studied creative geography.When he was only 6,he drew a map of the route that he traveled to get to school,including the streets,the traffic signs and the houses that he passed.

Dissatisfied American parents forget that in this country their children are able to experiment freely with ideas; without this they will not really be able to think or to believe in themselves.

Critics of American education cannot grasp one thing:freedom.America,I think,is the only country that extends even to children the license to freely speak,write and be creative.Our public education certainly is not perfect, but it is a great deal better than any other.I think I have found the answer to my question.

36.From the text we learn that ______.

A.both Americans and immigrants are dissatisfied with the quality of American education

B.the author shares the general idea that American education is worse than education in many othercountries

C.Japanese schools in America require their American teachers to teach mathematics at Japanese levels

D.the author's German friend was a little displeased because the mathematics test for his son was too easy

37.Which of the following is NOT true？

A.The author most probably was an immigrant from Asia and received some school education there.

B.Buenos Aires must be the name of a city,as are Kabul and Karachi.

C.Children in other countries are not likely to learn creative geography.

D.The knowledge of geography of the author's son shows that American education is poor.

38.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？

A.If children are not allowed to experiment freely with ideas they won't grow up independent and creative.

B.Most Americans think the present American educational system is not as good as it used to be

C.Private schools run by Japanese businessmen maintain a higher level than American public schools.

D.Americans are more innovative than other people in the world.

39.In the last paragraph the author say,“I have found the answer to my question.”What is the question？

A.Is Japanese education better than American education？

B.Why do Japanese businessmen send their children to Japanese-staffed schools？

C.Why was my son not taught enough geographic knowledge？

D.Is American education really worse than education in other countries？

40.What would be the best title for this passage？

A.American education and education in foreign countries

B.Improvement needed for American education

C.Freedom to think-characteristic of American education

D.Education and innovation in America

Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land... When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area？ And where is the nearest water source？ Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people. If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings. Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution. 18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization. 1.

A、Some

B、Most

C、Few

D、All

apidly. They are no longer restricted by their environment, as they can live in the most hostile of deserts or the bitter cold of Antarctic.Human culture is heavily based on the earth's natural resources -- oil, coal and metals; soil, water and forests. Industrialized society is using increasing amounts of these resources each year. Governments and industrialists strive for economic growth -- for factories and mines to produce more each year than they did in the previous year. But fuels and metals and, to a lesser extent, the soil are nonrenewable resources. Once used they are gone forever. In many cases the lifetime of these resources is coming to an end.Factories and machines create wastes. These wastes are poured into the atmosphere, the water and even into the soil. The damaging effect of this pollution is, in some cases, permanent. To reduce pollution creates further problems. Factories may have to be redesigned or even pulled down. This costs money and may mean loss of livelihood (生计) for many workers.Modern technology is creating an additional problem -- it is making industry more and more automatic (自动化 . This means that fewer and fewer people are needed to operate factories and offices. The consequent loss of jobs is a worldwide problem and western society is still struggling to find the answer.This introduction gives you some idea of the topics to be discussed in detail in this chapter.

1.This passage is most probably written as ____.

A、the beginning part of a certain chapter

B、the middle part of a certain chapter

C、the last part of a certain chapter

D、a self-contained chapter

2.Which of the following topics is NOT discussed in the passage？ ____

A、Natural Resources

B、Industrial Pollution

C、Unemployment

D、Overpopulation

3.The author's purpose in the first paragraph is to tell us the fact that ____.

A、deserts are hostile

B、Antarctic is very cold

C、human beings now inhabit the entire Earth

D、there are many different species on planet Earth

4.According to the passage, some natural resources like fuels and metals ____.

A、are no longer new

B、will never be gone

C、will soon be used up

D、can not be used at present

5.The phrase `strive for' in the second paragraph means ____.

A、fight with each other in order to get'

B、make great efforts to achieve'

C、have a violent struggle because of'

D、suffer a lot from'

6.Which pollution is NOT mentioned in the passage？ ____

A、Air Pollution

B、Water Pollution

C、Soil Pollution

D、Sound Pollution

rson were hurt, he would lose the power of doing certain things. And so people thought that each part of the brain does a different job. But modem research discovered that this is not so, for it is not easy to show exactly what each part of the brain does. In the past fifty years there has been a great increase in the amount of research done on the brain. Scientists have found out the way the brain works is not so simple as people in general may think. Chemists fell us that about 100 000 chemical changes take place in the brain every second. Some recent researches also suggest that we can remember everything that happens to us. We, may not be able to think of the things we have heard and seen, but it is kept there in the storehouse (宝库 ) of the human brain. Earlier scientists thought that is not true. As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise, it keeps its power. It has been proved that an old person who has always been active in the mind has a quicker mind than a young person who has only done physical work without using much of his brain.

1.In the 19th century, scientist found that a person would lose the power to do certain things()

A、when he got weaker in health

B、if certain parts of his brain were hurt

C、after he did a quite different job

D、when he grew older

2.Scientists today are still unable to show exactly()

A、what each part of the brain is doing

B、how many chemical changes take place in the brain each second

C、whether each part of the brain does the same job

D、which part of the brain is the most important

3.It has been found that one's brain usually works ()

A、faster when he is old

B、a little now and a little then

C、in a very simple way

D、more complicated than we thought

4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the text？()

A、Scientists are working hard at the researches on the brain.

B、As many as six million chemical changes take place in the brain every minute.

C、A young man doing physical labor is sure to have a much slower min

D、Even an old man may have a quick mind if his brain is given much exercise.

5.The more work we give to our brains()

A、the less result we will gain

B、the more work they are able to do

C、the weaker their power will get

D、the more tired they will feel

ey know they couldn’t afford them even if they could get enough time off from the company.However, there are a few businesses which have started schemes to reward employees with long service by giving them a chance to fulfill such ambitions by providing both the time and the money.

One company gives every employee over 50 years old and who has been with them for 25 years, six months’ holiday on full pay.At the same time additional money can be made available by way of loans, to help them with projects they cannot otherwise offer.Most of the people who have already benefited from the scheme, have used the opportunity to travel to distant places like the Far East or South America and some have spent the money on their favorite hobbies, such as photography.

The cost of providing these special holidays is fairly high but the directors feel it is well worthwhile because the employees are greatly refreshed by their long break from the pressures and routines of their jobs.The only problems are that the people concerned tend to have key jobs which can be difficult to fill on a temporary basis for a relatively long time.Besides, some employees find it difficult to re-adjust to the old routine after such a long time away.In addition, one or two people may not feel secure at leaving their job in someone else’s hands.On balance, however, there is no doubt that the idea is beneficial to industrial relations and a wonderful reward for long service.

31.Many workers would like to ___________.

A.dream of long holidays at home

B.spend a long time in unusual places

C.buy a holiday away from home

D.have a long holiday after many years

32.One company____________.

A.gives money to employees over 25 years

B.lends staff money to go on holidays

C.allows long holidays to certain staff

D.arranges long holidays for old employees

33.Most of the employees in the scheme ____________.

A.take foreign trips

B.develop their hobbies

C.take up photography

D.enjoy leisure activities

34.The directors feel that _____________.

A.the staff get a lot of pleasures from the scheme

B.older staff are very enthusiastic about holidays

C.the scheme is more expensive than they expected

D.the scheme is beneficial to staff relations

35.One of the problems is that ________________.

A.it is difficult to fill a temporary job

B.some employees are afraid of their colleagues

C.it is difficult for some people to re-adjust to the old routine after a long break

D.employees don’t feel secure when they are away

Losing your ability to think and remember is prettyscary. We know the risk of dementia (痴呆症) increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn't worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia andage-related memory loss. After age 50, it's quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places andthings quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffner of Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brainthat are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affectcommunication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced asblood vessels narrow. Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. Butif you forget the plot of the movie or don't remember even seeing it, that's far moreconcerning, Daffner says. When you forget entire experiences, he says, that's "a red flag that something more seriousmay be involved." Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, orforgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you've visited many times before can also besigns of something going wrong. But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn't panic. There are many things that can causeconfusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathingduring sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications (药物) likeantidepressants. You don't have to figure this out on your own. Daffner suggests going to your doctor to checkon medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And the bestdefense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain's cognitive (认知的) reserve, Daffner says. "Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novelways," he says. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physicallyactive, because exercise is a known brain booster.Why does the author say that one needn't be concerned about memory slips？ 1..Why does the author say that one needn't be concerned about memory slips？()

A、Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.

B、They occur only among certain groups of people.

C、Not all of them are related to one's age.

D、They are quite common among fifty-year-olds.