In most countries, animals are in a worse position than human beings.

A.are situated

B.situated

C.situate

D.are situating

A.professinal

B.expertise

C.expert

D.many

A、Asian countries

B、Asian and Hispanic countries

C、Eastern European countries

D、former Soviet republics

trading partners to transparent and non-discriminatory trade rules, which the WTO then enforces even handedly. Since most governments operate on the premise that opening domestic markets is a concession to be traded for access to foreign markets, multilateral liberalization is often the most effective route to free trade.

A successful WTO round requires two big bargains to be struck: a transatlantic deal between America and the EU and a north-south deal between the rich and the poor. Yet at Seattle this year there is a long way to go before such broad bargains can be considered, let alone struck.

America wants a few priority issues to be settled. Its list includes an extension of the duty-free status of e-commerce, a broader IT pact, reform. of the WTO dispute settlements system, increased WTO transparency and the phase out of tariffs in eight sectors including chemicals, energy products and environmental products. The EU on the other hand professes to want a more comprehensive approach that focuses on removing tariff peaks for such imports as textiles, glass and footwear, but would preserve tariff preferences for developing countries.

The biggest obstacle may be the insistence of many developing countries that they will block further liberalization until their gripes over the Uruguay round are addressed They want their obligations in areas such as intellectual property, investor protection, subsidies and anti-dumping to be eased. They argue that the Uruguay round has failed to deliver expected benefits in such areas as agriculture and textiles.

Though by no means a monolithic block, the developing countries share a feeling that whatever the promise of liberalization at the WTO, rich countries will Conspire to keep their markets closed. Indeed, the EU insists that freeing trade should be "controlled, steered and managed according to the concerns of EU citizens". That is in keeping with a view, widespread on the continent, that "a protectionist trade policy is a price readily paid for political objectives".

However great these obstacles are, they could be overcome if America were still leading the drive for freer world trade. With its economy doing well, greater access to foreign markets seems a less pressing priority. The Clinton administration is unwilling to make politically painful concessions required to achieve that aim. So there is a possibility that the Seattle round will turn out to be a fiasco. If that happens, it will encourage the anti-WTO groups to go on the offensive. America, the EU and Japan would increasingly be tempted by managed trade.

The WTO's transparent and non-discriminatory rules require all member countries to ______.

A．exchange domestic markets for foreign markets

B．make concessions in foreign trade

C．adopt the most effective route to free trade

D．enforce trade policies even handedly

(1) Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest – able to smell out the best meat.” And if you can’t find work, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits. (2) That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than any other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country. (3) Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work. (4) The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent. (5) None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from native or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooths” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals. 1. Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals’ life mainly because of ________.

A、low wages for locals

B、imperfect labor markets

C、the design of the welfare system

D、inadequate skills of immigrants

People produce food in many ways.Agriculture，or farming，developed thousands of years ago. ___11___about 100 years ago, most farmers in the United States Produced only enough food for their own___12___Today,modern equipment and farming methods have greatly ___13___the American farmer’s productivity.

In various parts of the world,people___14___many animals that supply meat and milk. Cattle, horses, goats, sheep, and pigs are important food animals. In the United States, the cow is the major source of milk products. Chickens___15___ people with both meat and eggs.

Fishing is an important source of food, ___16___in areas near the sea. Some countries, like Japan, consume much more fish than meat.

The wealthy areas of the world consume the most food , ___17___include the United States, Canada, and Europe. Many countries are able to import food if it cannot be produced at home. ___18___Great Britain imports about 75percent of its meat，and grows less than half the food its people require.

___19___people of the poor countries of the world usually eat only what they are able to produce themselves. In some parts of Asia, people live ___20___rice alone.

11.A.In B.Until C.From D.for

12.A.needs B.reasons C.efforts D.interests

13.A.protected B.supported C.increased D.reflected

14.A.grow B.raise C.train D.store

15.A.prepare B.treat C.serve D.provide

16.A.certainly B.actually C.occasionally D.especially

17.A.these B.where C.which D.they

18.A.In addition B.For example C.Above all D.After all

19.A.However B.Therefore C.Moreover D.instead

20.A.with B.for C.on D.through

Cars–curse or craze？

Johnny Watson, 30

It is easy to criticize cars – they cause pollution and accidents, and so on. But what are alternatives？ Nobody wants to travel in a slow, smelly old bus when you can relax in the comfort of your own car. In most countries, the public transport system is inadequate, expensive and inefficient – and anyway, cities today are designed to meet drivers’ needs, with fast roads and car parks everywhere. The car industry also provides thousands of jobs. Roads are getting safer and more efficient every year, and cars are causing less pollution because of lead-free petrol and other technological improvement. What’s the problem？

Amanda Rees, 33

I am much happier now that I don’t have my car. I used to spend an hour stuck in a traffic jam each morning and that made me angry and irritable for the rest of the day. I was so stressed! The worst thing about cars, though, is the number of accidents. Did you know that somebody dies in a road accident in Britain every two and a half hours？ Another thing I hate is the way that road building is destroying the countryside. Finally, I would love to live without that constant traffic noise coming through the window. In fact, I think it’s the noise that bothers me most.

1、What does Johnny think of cars？ ()

A、They cause pollution and accidents

B、They are slow and smelly

C、They are comfortable

2、Which is not the reason why Johnny supports cars？()

A、The public transport system in most countries is not good enough

B、Road building is destroying the countryside

C、Roads are much safer and more efficient now

3、Did Amanda use to have a car？()

A、Yes， she did

B、No， she didn’t

C、It doesn’t mention

4、What bothers Amanda most？()

A、What bothers Amanda most

B、The destroying of the countryside

C、The constant traffic noise

5、How serious is the road accident in Britain？()

A、Someone dies every 2 hours

B、Someone dies every 2.5 hours

C、Someone dies every 0.5 hours

s. In Sweden, France and many other countries, a lot of people understand English, too. It is one of the __2__ languages at international meetings. Most international business letters are __3__ in English. Many books and magazines are printed in English, too .English __4__ be difficult, but it is very useful. It is a bridge to so much knowledge. If you know English, you'll find you can __5__ the world better, so we should study it hard.

1)、

A.written

B.may

C.is spoken

D.learn

E.working

2)、A.written

B.may

C.is spoken

D.learn

E.working

3)、A.written

B.may

C.is spoken

D.learn

E.working

4)、A.written

B.may

C.is spoken

D.learn

E.working

5)、A.written

B.may

C.is spoken

D.learn

E.working

animals are in a worse position than human beings.In some cases, however, people treat their pets like members of their families, or perhaps better.In the United States and Europe, there are special shops that sell clothing and food for cats and dogs.

In many countries of the world, there is special food for pets.It is common for big markets in many places to sell cat food and dog food.However, in a small town in France, there is a special restaurant for dogs.Dogs are the only customers.There is seating for twenty of them.The dogs choose from a variety of dishes on the menu.

Of course, in most parts of the world, pets don’t live in such wealth and comfort.P eople treat their pets in a more practical way.People own cats and dogs because they keep away mice and other unwanted animals.Owners have some loving feelings for their pets, but they do not see them as equal to family members.In most places in the world, there isn't any special clothing or fine food for animals.There aren’t any special restaurants for dogs.

Pets around the world live in a great variety of ways, just as people do.

21.According to the passage, in most countries _______________.

A.animals are in a worse position than human beings

B.people treat their pets like members of their families

C.there are special shops that sell clothing for dogs and cats

D.pets such as dogs and cats are very popular

22.According to the passage, there are _________________.

A.a few restaurants for dogs in every city in France

B.many owners of dogs and cats in the United States and Europe

C.no dogs or cats that wear clothing

D.some people who treat their pets far better than they treat their children

23.For many people, pets may have a more practical function because _______________.

A.pets are often useful companions for old people

B.cats and dogs can be used to keep away mice

C.pets can sometimes be sold to make money

D.some pets may show loving feelings for their owners

24.In your opinion, which of the following sentences is probably true？

A.Dogs and cats like to wear expensive clothing.

B.Many people visit the dog restaurant in France.

C.In some cases, animals have better food and clothing than people.

D.People in every part of the world like to buy fine clothing for their pets.

25.The main idea of this reading passage is _______________.

A.Dogs enjoy fine restaurants

B.A rich cat can afford to go to any restaurant

C.It is stupid to have special food and clothing for animals

D.People treat pets in very different ways in different parts of the world

rchment for many hundreds of years.Parchment was very strong; it was made from the skin of certain young animals.We have learnt of the most important facts of European history from records that were kept on parchment.

1、What’s the meaning of the underlined word‘parchment’？ _________

A.The skin of young animals

B.A kind of paper made from the skin of certain young animals

C.The paper used by European countries

D.The paper of Egypt

2、Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the invention of paper？ ________

A.More jobs could be provided than before

B.More people could be educated than before

C.More books could be printed and distributed

D.More ways could be used to exchange knowledge

3、When did the Egyptians begin to use paper widely？ ___________

A.Around 1400

B.Around 1900

C.Around 400

D.Around 900

4、Which of the following countries uses more paper for each person a year？ _______

A.China

B.Sweden

C.Egypt

D.Japan

5、What is the main idea of this short talk？ _________

A.More and more paper is being consumed nowadays

B.Paper enables people to receive education more easily

C.The invention of paper is of great significance to man

D.Paper contributes a lot to the keeping of historical records