What early evidence of management practice can you describe？

A.propose

B.emerge

C.offend

D.offer

听力原文：M: Did you sign up for a course that fits in your current work schedule？

W: Registration hasn't started yet.

Q: What does the woman mean？

(14)

A．There is no time to fit in a course.

B．She hasn't started to work yet.

C．It's too early to register for the course.

D．She has a lot of forms to sign.

A.Summarize published clinical trials on bonded oxide ceramic restorations and correlate their results with that of laboratory bond strength testing using the same bonding methods as in the clinical trials.

B. Despite a huge number of published laboratory bonding studies on dental oxide ceramics clinical long-term studies on resin bonded oxide ceramic restorations are rare. The purpose of this review is to present the best available clinical evidence for successful bonding of dental oxide ceramic restorations.

C. Replicate the previous studies.

D.Summarize the huge variety of bonding methods used on dental oxide ceramics and their results in laboratory bond strength testing

One of the strongest reasons for the raising of the school leaving age (ROSLA.has been that it will bring us nearer to the ideal of “equal opportunity”.

Many people like to think of our present system of schooling as providing plenty of steps up the ladder of success for clever children.It would be good to think that no one who is really bright can be missed out when the state system is apparently so thorough.It is obvious, for instance, that many children from less rich homes reach university or do well in other ways.

Unfortunately, we now have plenty of evidence that many children of every level of ability do much less well than they could.For instance, during the years of national military service it was possible to test the intelligence of all male 18-20 year olds.Half of those soldiers who were placed in the two highest ability groups had left schools at 15.

It has also been shown that the percentage of working class children going to university is almost the same now as it was in 1939.One study of 5000 children from birth to 21 years old indicated that up to half the bright pupils from working class homes left school when they reached 16 years old.Moreover, there is no difference in intelligence between the sexes, but far more boys than girls stay in education after 16.

It is clear from this and much other evidence that many children are still leaving school too early to benefit from the prizes------money, social respectability, and interesting jobs, which higher education gives.It is clear too that the reasons why such children leave have much to do with their social circumstances.Their parents often need the extra money another wage-owner can bring in; they do not value education for itself because their own was probably dull and unhappy.It is not so much that they force their sons and daughters to leave school, rather that they tend to say, “It's up to you”.

1.It is hoped that ROSLA will give all children （）.

A.a more enjoyable time at school

B.the same chances in society

C.the right to a better school

D.higher scored in intelligence tests

2.People would like to think that （）.

A.equal numbers of poor and rich children reach university

B.those with the least money get the best education

C.intelligent children are always chosen by the system

D.only clever children do well

3.Working class children are felt to be at a disadvantage because （）.

A.many of the clever ones leave school early

B.fewer go to university than ever before

C.more than half leave school when they are 16

D.fewer boys than girls stay at school after 16

4.Many children leave school early because （）.

A.their social circumstances make them unhappy

B.they have to work to support their family's income

C.their school is a dull and unhappy place

D.their parents don't allow them to make their own decisions

5.This article shows that equal opportunity in education （）.

A.is a thing of the past

B.has not yet been achieved

C.is there for those who merit it

D.has greatly improved our society

A.This article will not attempt to replicate the above mentioned reviews but will summarize published clinical trials on bonded oxide ceramic restorations and correlate their results with that of laboratory bond strength testing using the same bonding methods as in the clinical trials.

B.The authors of this systematic review concluded, that promising laboratory test results still need to be confirmed by clinical studies before clinical recommendation could be given.

C.Clinical trials with resin-bonded restorations that had no or only limited mechanical retention and were made from alumina or zirconia ceramic were identified using an electronic search in PubMed database.

D.The purpose of this review is to present the best available clinical evidence for successful bonding of dental oxide ceramic restorations.

A.Overall 10 publications with clinical trials could be identified Their clinical outcome was compared with that laboratory bond strength studies.

B.Clinical data provide strong evidence that air-abrasion at a moderate pressure in combination with using phosphate monomer containing primers and/or luting resins provide long-term durable bonding to glass-infiltrated alumina and zirconia ceramic under the humid and stressful oral conditions.

C.As simple and clinically reliable bonding methods to oxide ceramics exist, the rationale for development of alternative bonding methods might be reconsidered especially when these methods are more time consuming or require rather complicated and/or technique sensitive procedures.

D.Conducting a PubMed database search in May 2014 for articles dealing with the resin bond to dental zirconia ceramic reveals an astonishing increase of research being published in the last two decades years.

A. Overall 10 publications with clinical trials could be identified.Their clinical outcome was compared with that laboratory bond strength studies.

B.Clinical data provide strong evidence that air-abrasion at a moderate pressure in combination with using phosphate monomer containing primers and/or luting resins provide long-term durable bonding to glass-infiltrated alumina and zirconia ceramic under the humid and stressful oral conditions.

C. As simple and clinically reliable bonding methods to oxide ceramics exist, the rationale for development of alternative bonding methods might be reconsidered especially when these methods are more time consuming or require rather complicated and/or technique sensitive procedures.

D.Conducting a PubMed database search in May 2014 for articles dealing with the resin bond to dental zirconia ceramic reveals an astonishing increase of research being published in the last two decades years.

new that perhaps the other boys were trying to get an idea of what kind of a boy he was. This did not help him to make himself less lonely. He was new and he had to be tested. Still, proving himself would not be all that easy. He did not want to run with the boys or get into something against the law to prove that he was strong. No! He must show what he was made of in a more helpful way. That’s when he got the idea.

The next day was Saturday. He knew that most of the boys would be down on the playground and choose up sides for the Saturday game. Robert knew he could play well and that just might be enough to prove he was strong, and to make friends with them. He arrived early and did his step exercises. He shot the ball several times and did some other exercises—the most difficult and most wonderful in basketball. Then the boys came. Robert went through what he had done before the game and showed what he could do. No one said a word. The boys just looked at each other and thought about it. In the end, when it was all over, the biggest of the group just smiled and shook his head. Robert knew he had made it.

1. What does “This did not help to make him less lonely” mean？()

A、Robert felt more lonely because the other boys wanted to test him.

B、Robert did not want himself to be less lonely.

C、Robert felt as lonely as before when the other boys tried to find out what kind of a boy he was.

D、The other boys did not want to make Robert feel less lonely.

ns start school in the morning is cruel ," brain doctor claims. So declared a British newspaper headline in 2007 after a talk I gave at an academic conference. One disbelieving reader responded: " This man sounds brain-dead. " B) That was a typical reaction to work I was reporting at the time on teenage sleep patterns and their effect on performance at school. Six years on there is growing acceptance that the structure of the academic day needs to take account of adolescent sleep patterns. The latest school to adopt a later start time is the UCL Academy in London; others are considering following suit. C) So what are the facts about teenage sleep, and how should society adjust to these needs？ The biology of human sleep timing, like that of other mammals, changes as we age. This has been shown in many studies. As adolescence begins, bedtimes and waking times get later. This trend continues until 19.5 years in women and 21 in men. Then it reverses. At 55 we wake at about the time we woke prior to adolescence. On average this is two hours earlier than adolescents. This means that for a teenager, a 7 a.m. alarm call is the equivalent of a 5 a.m. start for a person in their 50s. D) Precisely why this is so is unclear but the shifts related with changes in hormones (荷尔蒙) at adolescence and the decline in those hormones as we age. However, biology is only part of the problem. Additional factors include a more relaxed attitude to bedtimes by parents, a general disregard for the importance of sleep, and access to TVs, DVDs, PCs, gaming devices, cell phones and so on, all of which promote alertness and eat into time available for sleep. E) The amoount of sleep teenagers get varies between countries, geographic region and social class, but all studies show they are going to bed later and not getting as much sleep as they need because of early school starts. F) Mary Carskadon at Brown University in Providence. Rhode Island, who is a pioneer in the area of adolescent sleep, has shown that teenagers need about 9 hours a night to maintain full alertness and academic perforruance. My own recent observations at a UK school in Liverpool suggested many were getting just 5 hours on a school night. Unsurprisingly. teachers reported students dozing in class. G) Evidence that sleep is important is overwhelming. Elegant research has demonstrated its critical role in memory improvement and our ability to generate wise sohitions to complex problems. Sleep disruption may increase the level of the stress. Excited behaviors, lack of empathy, sense of humor and mood are similarly affected. All in all, a tired adolescent is a moody, insensitive, angry and stressed one. Perhaps less obviously, sleep loss is associated with metabolic (新陈代谢的) changes. Long-term lack of sleep might be an important factor for negative conditions such as diabetes (糖尿病), overweight and high blood pressure. H) Adolescents are increasingly using stimulants to compensate for sleep loss, and caf, feinated (含咖啡咽的) and/or sugary drinks are the usual choice. So a caffeinated drink late in the day delays sleep at night. Tiredness also increases the likelihood of taking up smoking. I) In the US, the observation that teenagers have biologically delayed sleep patterns compared to adults prompted several schools to put back the start of the school day. An analysis of the impact by Kyla Wahlstrom at the University of Minnesota found that academic performance was enhanced, as was attendance. Sleeping in class declined, as did self-reported depression. In the UK, Monkseaton High School near Newcastle instituted a 10 am start in 2009 and saw a progress in academic perfomance. J) However, a later start by itself is not enough. Society in general, and teenagers in particular, must start to take sleep seriously. Sleep is not a luxury but a ftmdamental biological need, enhancing creativity, productivity, mood and the ability to interact with others. K) ff you are dependent upon an alarm clock, or parent, to get you out of bed ; if you take a long time to wake up; if you feel sleepy and impatient during the day; ff your behavior. is overly impulsive, it means you are probably not getting enough sleep. Take control. Ensure the bedroom is a place that promotes sleep-dark and not too warm-dont text, use a computer or watch TV for at least half an hour before trying to sleep avoid avoid bright lights. Try not to nap during the day, and seek out natural light in the morning to adjust the body clock and sleep patterns to an earlier time. Avoid caffeinated drinks after lunch. L) It is my strongly held View, based upon the evidence, that the efforts of dedicated (专注的，投入的) teachers and the money spent on school facilities will have a greater impact and education will be more rewarding when, collectively, teenagers, parents, teachers and school governors start to take sleep seriously. In the universal language of school reports: we must do better. In the US and UK, several schools that have delayed the start of the school day witnessed a progress in academic performance.

ase. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environment, family diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one's environmental factor commonly shared by families, namely, dietary salt, has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that chronic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt - fed animals never develop hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.

By mating in successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion, a resistant strain (the" R" strain) has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, a sensitive strain ("S" strain) has also been developed.

The availability of these two strains permits investigations not heretofore possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human proto - types of hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance.

Which statement relates the main idea of this passage？

A．When salt is added to their diets, rats and men react in much the same way.

B．The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.

C．Modem research has shown that high blood pressure is a result of salt in the diet.

D．A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.