The Centers for Disease Control says a pool or hot tub that's well maintained and

A.workpiece

B.cutter

C.abrasive wheel

D.wroktable

Thailand___ （retain) cultural connection with the two great centers of Asian civilizations,India and China.

A.Non-valuated blocked stock

B.Quality inspection stock

C.Unrestricted-use stock

D.Valuated blocked stock

age.Both aspects are highly developed and specialized phases of marketing.The costs of both trans-porting and storing are built into the prices of products.Transportation can be by truck, rail-way, ship, or barge.For some items, such as exotic plants and flowers, or when rapid delivery is essential, air freight may be used.

Storage, or warehousing, is a necessary function because production and consumption of goods rarely match: items generally are not sold as quickly as they are made.Inventories build up,both in warehouses and at retail establishments, before the foods are sold.The transporta-tion function is involved in bringing goods to a warehouse and taking them from it to retail stores.

Storage performs the service of stabilizing market price.If, for example, no agricultural product could be stored, all food would have to be put on the market immediately.This would, of course, create a glut and lower prices drastically.There would be an immediate benefit to consumers, but in the long run they would suffer.Farmers, because of low prices, would be forced off the land, and the amount of food produced would decrease.This, in turn, would raise consumer prices.

Warehouses for storage are of several types.Private warehouses are owned by manufactur-ers.Public warehouses, in spite of their name, are privately owned facilities, but they are in-dependent of manufacturer ownership.General-merchandise warehouses store a great variety of products.Cold-storage warehouses store perishable goods, especially food products.Grain ele-vators are a kind of warehouse used to keep wheat and other grains from spoiling.A bonded warehouse is one that stores foods, frequently imported, on which taxes must be paid before theyare sold.Cigarettes and alcoholic beverages are common examples.

The distribution center is a more recently developed kind of warehouse.Many large com- panics have several manufacturing plants, sometimes located outside the country.Each plant doesnot make every company product but specializes in one or more of them.The distribution center allows a manufacturer to bring together all product lines in one place.Its purpose is to minimize storage and to ease the flow of goods from manufacturers to retailers rather than build up extensive inventories.It reduces costs by speeding up product turnover.Very large corporations will have several distribution centers regionally or internationally based

1.The main subject of this passage is______.

A、transportation and storage

B、storage of products

C、distribution center

D、two main aspects of product distribution

2.Warehousing is important in that ______.

A、inventories build up before the goods are sold

B、the prices will go down

C、more goods are produced than can be consumed

D、the food has to be put on the market immediately

3.How many types of warehouses for storage are discussed in the passage？()

A、3

B、4

C、6

D、7

4.Where might one find meat and milk？()

A、Grain elevator

B、Cold-storage warehouse

C、Private warehouse

D、Bonded warehouse

5.What is NOT true of a distribution center？()

A、It is a relatively new type of warehouse

B、Product is replaced more quickly and costs are down

C、Some distribution centers are not built in the sane country as the factory

D、It builds up extensive inventories to minimize storage

can best be accomplished by closing the smaller hospital, mainly voluntary and proprietary. This strategy follows from the argument that closing entire institutions saves more money than closing the equivalent number of beds scattered throughout the health system.

The issue is not that simple. Larger hospitals generally are designed to provide more complex care. Routine care at large hospitals costs more than the same care given at smaller hospitals. Therefore, closure of all the small hospitals would commit the city to paying considerably more for inpatient care delivered at acute care hospitals than would be the case with a mixture of large and small institutions. Since reimbursement rates at the large hospitals are now based on total costs, paying the large institutions a lower rate for routine care would simply raise the rates for complex care by a comparable amount. Such a reimbursement rate adjustment might make the charges for each individual case more accurately reflect the actual costs, but there would be no reduction in total costs.

There is some evidence that giant hospitals are not the most efficient. Service organizations – and medical care remains largely a service industry – frequently find that savings of scale have an upper limit. Similarly, the quality of routine care in the very largest hospitals appears to be less than optimum. Also, the concentration of all hospital beds in a few locations may affect the access to care. Thus, simply closing the smaller hospitals will not necessarily save money or improve the quality of care.

Since the fact remains that there are too many acute care hospital beds in the city, the problem is to devise a proper strategy for selecting and urging the closure of the excess beds, however many it may turn out to be.

The closing of whole buildings within large medical centers has many of the cost advantages of closing the whole of smaller institutions, because the fixed costs can also be reduced in such cases. Unfortunately, many of the separate buildings at medical centers are special use facilities, the relocation of which is extremely costly. Still, a search should be made for such opportunities.

The current lack of adequate ambulatory care facilities raises another possibility. Some floors or other large compact areas of hospitals could be transferred from inpatient to ambulatory uses. Reimbursement of ambulatory services is chaotic, but the problem is being addressed. The overhead associated with the entire hospital should not be charged, even prorated to the ambulatory facilities. Even if it were, the total cost would probably be less than that of building a new facility. Many other issues would also need study especially the potential over centralization of ambulatory services.

(1)、This passage is mainly about ________________.

A、ways to protect small hospitals

B、methods of selecting qualified hospitals

C、solutions to the shortage of hospital beds

D、economic consideration in closing small hospitals

(2)、It seems that the author thinks that the claim made by Planning Commission is ________________.

A、fair

B、wise

C、foolish

D、shortsighted

(3)、The closure of all small hospitals would lead to ________________.

A、a reduction in total costs

B、a reduction in the number of patients

C、an increase in the cost of inpatient care

D、an increase in the number of large hospitals

(4)、The author agrees with all the following statements EXCEPT that ________________.

A、access to medical care is an important issue

B、big hospitals are not necessarily more efficient

C、large hospitals provide better and more complex care than smaller ones

D、the same routine medical care costs more at large hospitals than at smaller ones

(5)、According to the author, the best way to reduce costs in the health system is ________________.

A、to make full use of the existing facilities

B、to update the entire medical service

C、to close most giant hospitals

D、to close all small hospitals

School buildings themselves can show liberal (开明的) or conservative views about what should go on in a classroom. The earliest schools had separate classrooms for different grades. The rooms were laid out formally, with pupils’desks fastened to the floor in straight rows facing the teacher’s desk. Clearly, such schools reflected a teacher-and-subject-centered view of education. Schools of the next generation had more open space, and most had movable desks. They also often provided special rooms or areas for science, art, music, and physical education. There were still separate rooms for different grade levels, however, and the desks still were likely to be formally arranged. That is, the schoolroom was still largely designed to carry out the old-school program, which involved grade levels, uniform. time blocks, and study of subject matters. Newer subjects, not newer teaching methods, accounted for most of what was new in school design. The first school buildings constructed to encourage liberal teaching methods appeared in the mid-1950s. Folding interior (内部的) walls permitted the flexible use of space to encourage large-group, small-group, or individual instruction. Some provided carrels for individual study, areas for team teaching, and centers for programmed instruction. In the newest buildings called open schools, the use of space is even more flexible. Areas within the buildings can be readily expanded for program changes, and used for many kinds of functions. One should remember, though, the physical layout (布局) of a school cannot decide whether it has the conservative or liberal teaching practices. What determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative is the spirit and attitude of the teacher. The word “carrel” in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to ________.

A、a room with folding walls

B、a room with liberal instructions

C、a room with conservative instructions

D、a room with small space

Directions: Read the following passage and the statements that follow. Choose the best answer for each statement from the three choices marked A, B and C.

It sounds like an infomercial from late-night TV: Follow this four-step plan and improve your memory in just 14 days!

But researchers have indeed found a way to improve memory function in older people. After a two-week study that involved brainteasers (脑筋急转弯), exercise and diet changes, study participants' memories worked more efficiently.

Here's the program:

Memory Training: brainteasers, crossword puzzles and memory exercises that emphasized verbal skills throughout the day.

Healthy Diet: Five meals daily included a balanced diet rich in omega-3 fats, whole grains and antioxidants (抗氧化剂). Eating frequent meals prevents dips in blood glucose (血糖), the primary energy source for the brain.

Physical Fitness: Brisk daily walks and stretching. Physical fitness has been found in other research to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Stress Reduction: Stretching and relaxation exercises. Stress causes the body to release cortisol (皮质醇), which can impair memory and has been found to shrink the memory centers in the brain.

1. Researchers spent fourteen days finding a way to improve people’s memory().

A.True

B.False

C.Not Mentioned

2.What is TRUE about the ABC rule for online shopping()？

A.It’s a very easy rule, as easy as learning ABC

B.It’s the basic safety rule for online shopping provided by the writer

C.It’s the first letter of the three rules: About me, Benefits, Choices, hence ABC

D.All of the above

3.Either the dean or the principal()the meeting.

A.attends

B.attend

C.are attending

D.have attended

4.Mistake is acceptable during the process of paper cutting().

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Doesn’t say

5.Many a child()to walk before he can speak.

A.Learn

B.Learns

C.Learned

D.have learned

6.The author quoted the three adjectives used by the guide to describe Istanbul because().

A.the author knows Istanbul very well

B.the author’s ambitions of sightseeing dwindled away after Italy

C.Istanbul is so characteristic that it’s hard to describe it in one word

D.the author is very interested in Istanbul

How Telemedicine Is Transforming Healthcare

A) After years of big promises，telemedicine is finally living up to its potential.Driven by faster internet connections，ubiquitous (无处不在的)smartphoncs and changing insurance standards，more healthproviders are turning to electronic communications to do their jobs—and it's dramatically changing thedelivery of healthcare.

B)Doctors are linking up with patients by phone，email and webcam(网络摄像头).They're also

consulting with each other electronically—sometimes to make split-second decisions on heart attack sand strokes.P atients，meanwhile，are using new devices to relay their blood pressure，heart rate and other vital signs to their doctors so they can manage chronic conditions at home. Tele medicine alsoallows for better care in places where medical expertise is hard to come by. Five to 10 times a day,Doctors Without Borders relays questions about tough cases from its physicians in Niger，South Sudanand elsewhere to its network of 280 experts around the world，and back again via the internet.

C) As a measure of how rapidly telemedicine is spreading，consider:More than 15 million Americans received some kind of medical care remotely last year，according to the American Telemedicine Association，a trade group，which expects those numbers to grow by 30% this year.

D)None of this is to say that telemedicine has found its way into all corners of medicine. A recent survey of 500 tech-savvy(精通技术的)consumers found that 39% hadn't heard of telemedicine，and of those who haven't used it，42% said they preferred in-person doctor visits. In a poll of 1,500 family physicians，only 15% had used it in their practices—but 90% said they would if it were appropriately reimbursed(补偿).

E) What's more，for all the rapid growth，significant questions and challenges remain.Rules defining and regulating telemedicine differ widely from state to state. Physicians groups are issuing different guidelines about what care they consider appropriate to deliver and in what form.

F)Some critics also question whether the quality of care is keeping up with the rapid expansion of telemedicinc. And there's the question of what services physicians should be paid for:Insurancecoverage varies from health plan to health plan，and a big federal plan covers only a narrow range ofservices. Telemedicine's future will depend on how—and whether—regulators，providers，payers and patients can address these challenges. Here's a closer look at some of these issues;

G)Do patients trade quality for convenience？The fastest-growing services in telemedicine connect consumers with clinicians they've never met for a phone，video or email visit—on-demand，24/7.Typically，these are for nonemergency issues such as colds，flu，ear-aches and skin rashes，and theycost around $45，compared with approximately $100 at a doctor's office，$160 at an urgent-care clinic or $750 and up at an emergency room.

H) Many health plans and employers have rushed to offer the services and promote them as a convenient way for plan members to get medical care without leaving home or work. Nearly three-quarters of large employers will offer virtual doctor visits as a benefit to employees this year，up from 48% last year. Web companies such as Teladoc and American Well are expected to host some 1.2 million such virtual doctor visits this year，up 20%from last year，according to the American Tele me dicineAssociation.

I) But critics worry that such services may be sacrificing quality for convenience. Consulting a random doctor patients will never meet，they say，further fragments the health-care system，and even minorissues such as upper respiratory(上呼吸道的) infections can 't be thoroughly evaluated by a doctor who can't listen to your heart or feel your swollen glands.In a recent study，researchers posing as patients with skin problems sought help from 16 telemedicine sites—with unsettling results. In 62 encounters,f ewer than one-third disclosed clinicians’credential or let patients choose;only 32% discussed potential side effects of prescribed medications.Several sites misdiagnosed serious conditions，largelybecause they failed to ask basic follow-up questions，the researchers said.“Telemedicine holdsenormous promisc，but these sites are just not ready for prime time,”says Jack Resneck，the study'slead author.

J)The American Telemedicine Association and other organizations have started accreditation(鉴定)programs to identify top-quality telemedicine sites. The American Medical Association this month approved new ethical guidelines for telemedicine，calling for participating doctors to recognize thelimitations of such services and ensure that they have sufficient information to make clinicalre commendations.

K) Who pays for the services？ While employers and health plans have been eager to cover virtual urgent-care visits，insurers have been far less willing to pay for telemedicine when doctors use phone，email orvideo to consult with existing patients about continuing issues.“It's very hard to get paid unless youphysically see the patient,”says Peter Rasmussen，medical director of distance health at the ClevelandClinic. Some 32 states have passed“ parity”(等同的) laws requiring private insurers to reimbursedoctors for services delivered remotely if the same service would be covered in person，though notnecessarily at the same rate or frequency.Medicare lags further behind.The federal health plan forthe elderly covers a small number of telemedicine services—only for beneficiaries in rural areas andonly when the services are received in a hospital，doctor's office or clinic.

L) Bills to expand Medicare coverage of telemedicine have bipartisan (两党的)support in Congress. Opponents worry that such expansion would be costly for taxpayers，but advocates say it would save money in the long run.

M)Experts say more hospitals are likely to invest in telemedicine systems as they move away from fee-for-service payments and into managed-care-type contracts that give them a set fee to provide care for patients and allow them to keep any savings they achieve.

N) Is the state-by-state regulatory system outdated？ Historically，regulation of medicine has been left to individual states. But some industry members contend that having 50 different sets of rules，licensing fees and even definitions of“medical practice”makes less sense in the era of telemedicine and is hampering its growth.Currently，doctors must have a valid license in the state where the patient islocated to provide medical care，which means virtual-visit companies can match users only with locallylicensed clinicians. It also causes administrative hassles(麻烦)for world-class medical centers thatattract patients from across the country.At the Mayo Clinic，doctors who treat out-of-state patientscan follow up with them via phone，email or web chats when they return home，but they can onlydiscuss the conditions they treated in person.“If the patient wants to talk about a new problem，thedoctor has to be licensed in that state to discuss it. If not，the patient should talk to his primary-carephysician about it,”says Steve Ommen，who runs Mayo's Connected Care program.

O) To date，17 states have joined a compact that will allow a doctor licensed in one member state to quickly obtain a license in another. While welcoming the move，some telemedicine advocates wouldprefer states to automatically honor one another's licenses，as they do with drivers' licenses.But statesaren't likely to surrender control of medical practice，and most are considering new regulations. Thisyear，more than 200 telemedicine-related bills have been introduced in 42 states，many regarding whatservices Medicaid will cover and whether payers should reimburse for remote patient monitoring.“Alot of states are still trying to define telemedicine,”says Lisa Robbin，chief advocacy officer for theFederation of State Medical Boards.

36. An overwhelming majority of family physicians are willing to use telemedicine if they are duly paid.

37. Many employers are eager to provide telemedicine service as a benefit to their employees because of its convenience.

38. Different states have markedly different regulations for telemedicine.

39. With telemedicine，patients in regions short of professional medical service are able to receive better medical care.

40. Unlike employers and health plans，insurers have been rather reluctant to pay for some telemedicine services.

41. Some supporters of telemedicine hope states will accept each other's medical practice licenses as valid.42. The fastest growing area for telemedicine services is for lesser health problems.

43. As telemedicine spreads quickly，some of its opponents doubt whether its service quality can be guaranteed.

44. The results obtained by researchers who pretended to be patients seeking help from telemedicine providers are disturbing.

45.Some people argue that the fact that different states have different regulations concerning medical services hinders the development of telemedicine.